Summary A Short Chapter Chapter 1 - 9654 Words

greet him at the temple of Enjoin in seven days.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å"Flivio?† Rall laughed, some of the worry disappearing from his brow along with it. â€Å"Are you trying to get caught? He tries to impress with that ‘wit’ of his every time he meets someone new.† â€Å"Actually, I am trying to bring someone along who can keep up with our charming companion on my right.† Vesperi did not hide her interest. â€Å"He must be hung like a craval beast then.† The image of Vesperi with Flivio—with anyone—made Janto incred- ibly uncomfortable, but he refused to acknowledge it, especially with the plain horror on everyone else’s faces. â€Å"He’s the only man I know who has a faster tongue than you. Make of that what you will.† Now I’m exchanging lewd barbs with the woman. â€Å"You’ll†¦show more content†¦That did the trick. Lord Sellwyn always enjoyed teaching Vesperi her place. What drew Vesperi’s eye so steadfastly was the swordbelt slung over the woman’s waist. She was slight, only an inch or so taller than Janto’s short Wasylim friend, and had ebony hair twisted into a bun. Once everyone had gathered at the stables, Janto had explained that Sar Mertina would accompany them to Wasyla as another armed guard. Vesperi had laughed at first, thinking it a joke. But the laughter died as soon as she saw Mertina’s sword and the assured way the woman kept her hand close to its pommel. It was spellbinding. Vesperi barely noticed when the king arrived, his queen at his side. Her single-minded attention did not shift until he spoke, his voice hushed, as the others secured the bags Serra had packed over their horses and practiced fitting the lace masks over the animals’ ears, latching them around their muzzles. â€Å"Janto, you are certain you don’t want to wait until tomorrow eve- ning? It would give us more time to be confident in the preparations.† Janto shook his head. â€Å"It would give the claren more time to target our people. And any Meduan spies more time to get word back to Qiltyn that Vesperi travels with us.† Janto’s mother, her hair wrapped in gold and copper threads that glinted in the moonslight, clasped her hands together. â€Å"That’s smart, Janto, but your party is so small. We cannot help but worry.† SheShow MoreRelatedA Summary Of A Short Chapter : Chapter 11012 Words   |  5 Pagesjumped, gritting his teeth against the pain. Crossing the room to stand directly in front of him, Zolah recognized the evidence of Imperial interrogation. The skin around Theron’s implants was red and inflamed from the chemicals used in an attempt to short circuit them. There were several abrasions across his face, and his bottom lip was swollen. That was just what Zolah could see. No doubt, more injuries lurked beneath. â€Å"You should rest.† Generally speaking, Zolah couldn’t care less about what happenedRead MoreA Summary Of A Short Chapter : Chapter 19939 Words   |  40 Pageslisten to their tales. A good king always gives his men their glory.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¨What did I do to merit that piece of advice? Their reappeared teacher offered Rall his congratulations, and Janto went back to wait at the path. He did not have to wait long. Nap’s short, stocky shadow rounded the bend in no more than ten minutes. â€Å"Second.† He looked disappointed but mostly exhausted as Janto gave him water. â€Å"But what a place to be the first loser! The view from the peak before the angels came†Ã¢â‚¬â€Janto’s brow archedRead MoreJournal Entry : Summary And Articles1402 Words   |  6 PagesThis journal entry will mainly be focusing on chapter 4 which is about summarizing. Each journal entry is about different chapters but when writing these entries, it gives a good understanding of each of the chapters and what specifically we have learned from the chapters. Summarizing is used throughout your career and in every aspect of your life while you read anything. People summarize topics and articles all the time. In my opinion, I feel reading a summery is easily and faster than reading anRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Great American Dust Bowl. The entire text has a central idea, so does each section and chapter, as well as each paragraph. Not only does a nonfiction text have a central idea, so does each section, chapter and paragraph. Let’s look at some example paragraphs from your book, The Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl, and determine the central idea. Example 1: Throughout the Great Plains, a visitor passes more nothing than something. Or so it seemsRead MoreStrategic Planning For Not For Profit Organizations1510 Words   |  7 PagesBeginning with chapter one and extending through chapter seven, Migliore et al. discuss the operational design for enhancing the profitability and competitiveness of nonprofits. As a result, this paper will â€Å"summarize,† â€Å"analyze,† and â€Å"evaluate† the material presented by Migliore et al. (Newburgh Theological Seminary College of the Bible 2016, 1). Making this type of an examination should enhance the knowledge of both the business and academic communities. Summary of Chapter One In chapter one, MiglioreRead MoreBrief Introduction Overview of McGraw Hills 9th Edition of Fundamentals of Corporate Finance655 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review Fundamentals of Corporate Finance – Ross, Westerfield, Jordan McGraw Hill Education (India), 2012, 878 Pp 9th edition ISBN: 13:978-1-25-9027628 Kumar Ratnesh* About Authors Stephen A. Ross is the Franco Modigliant Professor of Finance Economics at the Sloan School of management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Randolph W. Westerfield is Dean Emeritus of the University of Southern California’s Marshall school of Business. Bradford D. Jordan is Professor of Finance HolderRead MorePortrait Of A Lady By Khushwant Singh Chapter Summary CBSE Class XI XII CBSE Class 11 12 Study Materials Homework Help Extra Questions1287 Words   |  6 Pages About CHEMISTRY ENGLISH Blog Archive ââ€" ºÃ‚   2014 (1) ââ€" ¼Ã‚   2013 (8) ââ€" ºÃ‚   August (1) ââ€" ¼Ã‚   July (7) Shirley Toulson A Bio Sketch The Photograph by Shirley Toulson Extra Question... The Photograph by Shirley Toulson Question Ans... The Photograph by Shirley Toulson Chapter Summar... MATHEMATICS PHYSICS Thursday, 4 July 2013 Popular Posts Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh - Chapter Summary The Photograph by Shirley Toulson Chapter Summary Short Synopsis A photograph descries 3 stages. In the firstRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Great American Dust Bowl. The entire text has a central idea, so does each section and chapter, as well as each paragraph. Not only does a nonfiction text have a central idea, so does each section, chapter and paragraph. Let’s look at some example paragraphs from your book, The Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl, and determine the central idea. Example 1: Throughout the Great Plains, a visitor passes more nothing than something. Or so it seemsRead MoreWhy Nations Fail Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesencourage investment or innovation. In order for a nation to flourish, people need these things to utilize their talents. Without a level playing field and institution that provide investment and innovation, a nation will fail. Chapter 1 Summary- So Close and Yet So Different. Chapter 1 explains why certain nations prosper over others. â€Å"The United States today is also far richer than . . . [third world countries] . . . because of the way its institutions, both economic and political, shape the incentivesRead MoreReading Culture 5th Edition By Diana George And John Trimbur977 Words   |  4 PagesThe book Reading Culture 8th Edition by Diana George and John Trimbur is a wonderful assemblage of different contexts for critical reading and thinking. As one skims through the first chapter of this book, almost immediately does it intrigue the reader to continue to progress through the argumentative essays, visual illustrations, and notable references one is so familiar with. The authors expressed their several definitions on the word â€Å"culture† and how it was used differently as time passed by

Frankenstein, By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The...

Monstrosity in Marry Shelley s â€Å"Frankenstein† Mary Shelley s â€Å"Frankenstein† or â€Å"The Modern Prometheus† is an examination of monstrosity in all of its forms. Written during a time in which scientific, political and economical upheaval, the novel depicts mans desire to uncover every secret in the universe, while confirming the importance of the emotions that make us human, instead of monsters. But, what is considered to be a monster? When one thinks of a monster the first thing that comes to mind is a hideous, super-natural creature; whose existence goes against the natural order, yet in the context of the Shelley s novel the term â€Å"monster† takes on a new meaning, and reflects our nature as humans, particularly through the characters of Victor and the Monster. The Monster created by Frankenstein is the most literal example of the theme of monstrosity in the novel. Hideous and ugly, the monster has been rejected by society, but his monstro sity is not based shearly on his appearance, but the unnatural way that he was created, which involved a mixture of stolen body-parts and strange chemicals used to bring him to life. Therefore, the monster is a product of science brought to life through dark-supernatural means. Yet, the Monster is not completely evil; rather he is a misunderstood creature, rejected by his creator and society. In the novel the monster is portrayed as intelligent and human-like in his behavior. In fact the creature is innately good, and desires to findShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus912 Words   |  4 Pagesrefer to Mary Shelley s masterpiece Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus as a starting point to drive the question: what it means to be human. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus suggests the possibility of reconstructing a broader approach towards scientific discovery by portraying the dangers of blindly pursuing scientific knowledge done so by the modern Prometheus that is Victor Frankenstein. Thomas Vargish in Technology and Impotence in Mary Shelley s Frankenstein statesRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is no doubt in the connection of the Greek God Prometheus and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, as the title of the book states: Frankenstein, or the modern Prometheus. Shelley made sure that the readers knew that Frankenstein is to be seen as the modern Prometheus, and all things in her book connect Frankenstein to the Greek God that shaped Humanity. In this essay is stated that Frankenstein is indeed as Shelley meant, the modern Prometheus. Reasoning behind this is of how Frankenstein’s and Prometheus’sRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus871 Words   |  4 PagesThe title of Mary Shelley s novel is Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus. So it shouldn t come as a shock that Mary Shelley was actually influenced by this tale. Her husband Percy Shelley had actually begun composing his own tale of Prometheus in the form of poetry entitled, Prometheus Unbound. He began composing this piece around the same time that his wife was publishing Frankenstein. Mary Shelley included The Modern Prometheus as part of her title for the novel and she attempts to compareRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein, And The Modern Prometheus3901 Words   |  16 Pages â€Å"Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus†, by Mary Wollstonecraft (Godwin) Shelley Mary Shelley s novel Frankenstein is best known for its influence in popular culture through many film adaptations. It is in fact, however, one of the great novels of ideas. Write an essay that discusses in what sense you think it is a novel of ideas. What are its claims about human reason and human nature? Shelley explores some aspects of human nature, specifically human lust for power and the unfortunate way weRead MoreMary Shelley ´s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus, an Analysis of the Subtitle1219 Words   |  5 Pagesof creation.† (Shelley 37). Ab initio Victor Frankenstein, the main protagonist, is being put on a level with Prometheus through the subtitle. An indication that Mary Shelley did indeed have the myth in mind as she wrote the novel, is not only her subtitle, but moreover the parallels between the Prometheus myth and Frankenstein, which are undeniable. The title itself gives a lot away of the story which follows. It links the modern world with the ancient Greek myth. Victor Frankenstein â€Å"steals† theRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1141 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone, do you think that you would take that chance? Prometheus is a Greek God who gave mankind fire, which had been stolen from Mount Olympus. â€Å"Franken stein, or the Modern Prometheus,† by Mary Shelley is about a man name Victor Frankenstein who creates a â€Å"monster† and tells the story of the lives of each character, and the conflict between Frankenstein and his creation. Victor Frankenstein tried to play God in â€Å"Frankenstein, the Modern Prometheus,† by creating a his own specimen, giving his creationRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein : A Modern Prometheus822 Words   |  4 PagesAllusions in Frankenstein: A Modern Prometheus Mary Shelley’s cautionary horror tale, Frankenstein: A Modern Prometheus, portrays the deadly consequences of callous indifference to life. Throughout the novel, Shelley employs allusions to the Prometheus myth, Paradise Lost, and â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.† Through these allusions, Shelley illustrates the creature’s yearning for love and acceptance, and Victors lack of love and compassion which leads to his ultimate destruction. In the firstRead MoreThe Life And Adventures Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1780 Words   |  8 PagesMary Shelley, born Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin on August 30th 1797 of two famous English writers/ Philosophers Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin. She acquired her last name Shelley after getting married to her husband Percy Bysshe Shelley. Mary Shelley was famous for her predominantly Gothic novels that include History of a Six Weeks’ Tour (1817), Mathilda (1819), Valperga; or, The Life and Adventures of Castruccio, Prince of Lucca (1823), however she is best known for Frankenstein; or the ModernRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1470 Words   |  6 PagesIn Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus: The Original 1818 Text Third Edition she presents the story of a man named Victor Frankenstein and his creation. The story is told through Robert Walton, a man at sea who meets the estranged Victor Frank enstein and shares Victor’s story to his sister, Margaret Saville through a series of letters. Through these letters we get an insight into the life of the Frankenstein family as well as the relationship Victor has built with his creatureRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1291 Words   |  6 Pages Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, also known as The Modern Prometheus, is a gothic science fiction novel set in the eighteenth century. Though the story starts off with letters narrated by Robert Walton, who hopes to find a new passage from Russia to the Pacific Ocean, the main protagonist in the story is Victor Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein was a swiss boy, born in Geneva, who grew up with a passion to find the â€Å"secret of life.† After attended the university at Ingolstadt and learning everything

The Death of Human Interaction A Pitfall of the Social Network Free Essays

string(31) " aura that a person gives off\." Not that many years ago there was a thriving business in my hometown of Columbiana, Ohio called The Lazy Bean Cafe. When it moved into its location in mid-2002 it was the place to be for all the kids (and even adults) in the community. It was the only place in town that made and served smoothies right in front of your eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Death of Human Interaction: A Pitfall of the Social Network or any similar topic only for you Order Now The prices were doable for even the kids my age to get something a few times a week. The Lazy Bean also supported local art by having free concerts every Friday night for local bands. It was the place where you would meet friends to go somewhere or just to hangout in the Cafe. A place where people of all ages would meet to catch up with old friends or spend time with the friends they see daily. And so business was thriving for the owners of the Lazy Bean Cafe. For a few years, things went on this way. Even through the beginnings of the recession the cafe remained strong and stable. Overall, the people of my small community saw little effect, for the most part, from the recession. Which is why things stayed mainly stagnant as far as the local market was concerned. Yet for some reason the Lazy Bean cafe was losing business. People were just not going there anymore. Personally, I know my friends still always had money to spend. The Cafe wasn’t doing anything that would drive people away, at least not at that point in 2007. Everything was how it always had been, except that people just weren’t buying their product anymore, and people weren’t meeting or hanging out with friends their anymore. So in late-2008 they had to start taking drastic measures to keep their business afloat. They fired some of their workers and lowered the amount of hours the Cafe was open. Things didn’t improve. So about a year after they did this they had to increase the prices of their product in order to make ends meet, which drove away most of the remaining consumers. They lasted only a few months after they changed their menu prices. The members of the community were quick to blame the company’s change of menu and prices for the reason their business was plummeting, but I saw through it. I know they wouldn’t have had to change their menu if people were consistently coming to buy their products. The reason that the business failed wasn’t because of anything they did. It was because people were no longer having conversations over bagels and coffee in their restaurant. There was no longer a need for a public place for people to meet up and talk. Their target market had been taken over by something more convenient, and the real world atmosphere they created was being replaced by something with no feelings or emotions at all. Something made of cold metal and wires. Something cheaper and easier to be a part of. Something that allowed you to have your entire social circle at your finger tips: an internet based social network. Since it’s inception in 2004, Facebook has surpassed Decayenne, Friendster, Myspace and all other social networks and become the most populace internet website in the world. More than five-hundred million people have joined the Facebook experience since its beginning and it is growing with every second of the day. Most of these users log on to Facebook everyday; and why shouldn’t they? It’s the easiest way to keep in contact with what their friends are up to as well as tell them what they have been up to. Sure does beat the heck out of having to walk somewhere to meet them and talk in person. Saves time, money, and most importantly energy. Now, you don’t even have to dial a phone number to talk to someone in real time. You just click their name and a box pops up for you to message them. Still, can you actually say that you are talking in â€Å"real time,† can you even really call it a conversation? After all, you can’t see the person at all. Well, you can’t SEE them when you are talking on the phone either! That is true, but at least you can hear their actual voice. At least on the phone you don’t have to guess at which syllable they were emphasizing. You don’t have any confusion as to what is meant by what they said when you hear the inflection of their voice coming directly from their mouth. On the phone, you can hear the timing in which things are said. You instinctively become aware of a certain tempo in the conversation and that allows the conversation to flow. Facebook chatting destroys all of this natural human interaction. People no longer have to respond immediately like they would on the phone or in person. They have time to think of exactly what they would want this person to hear. Further diminishing, not only a person’s instinctive personality, but also skewing the way they are seen by the one they are talking to. Forming an unnatural bond between these people who may know nothing about the actual person, the one behind the mask being displayed. With the benefits of this new digital age come the drawbacks that we are all too aware of. Dateline’s To Catch A Predator is just one such source that exposes what happens when you think you’ve gotten to know someone online. Although this is an extreme case for a situation that has been fiercely combated, these things happen on a much smaller scale on these social network sites daily. This is partially because when human’s interact in person, we absorb all things about that person – their facial expressions, body language, voice inflection, tone of voice, speech volume, and the overall aura that a person gives off. You read "The Death of Human Interaction: A Pitfall of the Social Network" in category "Essay examples" So when all of these things are taken out of the equation and all we have are the person’s words, we begin to interpret what they are saying our own way. We begin to craft this person in our head that does not match who they are in real life. We make them into something more drastic than they are, whether that be good or bad. The reason we do this is because the human mind, by nature, is used to having the whole experience when we are talking to people. Our brains are used to having all of the aspects listed above when we are conversing with a person. So intuitively our head begins to replace these missing elements with things that it does recognize. Which could be memories of the person, things you have dreamed of or even had nightmares of. The brain brings in things it has thought about before to fill in the missing gaps. Forging an unbridgeable gap between these people, caused by the natural happenings of their brain. So, since one cannot control the instincts of the human mind, who is there to blame for this loss of human connection? These social networks have made it so we no longer have to, or want to, leave our computers to talk to our friends. They have allowed us to form these people in our heads without ever really knowing about them. This networks make it simple to keep in touch, but impossible to actually touch those we talk to. Imagine that all of your friends, all of the people you care for, are symbolized by a cotton ball. Now, a general term for that cotton ball is a â€Å"Monkey Sphere. † The reason it gained such a name was because, while testing monkeys, scientists noticed that all monkeys tended to have only about 10 to 12 other monkeys that they could cooperate with at one time. Their â€Å"monkey sphere. † They are all the monkeys that one would care for, defriend, marry, etc. And any primate outside of this sphere the monkey rejects. After this research was taken, these scientists wanted to see if the same principles applied to humans as well. Now although they are still running tests, it is clear that the human’s sphere is no doubt larger than a monkey’s just by the nature of the human brain. It simply holds more information. However, it still has its capacity for overall inter-human relationships and affections just as the monkey’s brain does. This finite amount of human connection can be most easily displayed as, like I had stated above, a cotton ball. Without the use of these networking websites your cotton ball would, no doubt, be smaller. And will get smaller the older you get. The ball will be very small and very clumped up, but very dense. Meaning, the relationships you do have are extremely close and personal relationships. Relationships where you almost know what the person is thinking or what they are going to say, without having to ask them. Facebook can’t give you that. What it can give you, however, is a much wider cotton ball. A much more outstretched monkey sphere. It does allow you to keep in contact with people that you would otherwise lose touch with. Still, by doing so it thins out the cotton ball a great deal. Someone with this cotton ball has few or no close personal relationships. They never felt the aura of the other individual in person, so they never know exactly what this person is all about. People like this will never experience a true, deep connection with another person. Never realize the similarities that lay within all people. These social networks would combat all of this by saying that their whole purpose for the site is to expand the monkey sphere. Which they do, no doubt about that. These sites definitely allow people to find and reconnect with people they have lost in their past. It lessens the social, cultural, and geographical divide throughout the world and allows more people to care for more people. And while doing so, decreases the separation between all people. Which are all undoubtably good things. We want people to care for other people. We want to encourage new relationships and rekindled ones alike. But at what cost are we constructing these relationships? We are sacrificing real human connection. We are losing the human touch, the human condition. We are steering away from personal contact and toward a world where people talk only through the digital realm. And if we keep this up, soon human interaction will be nothing but short statements and awkward pauses. Soon our monkey sphere’s will be so stretched out that they won’t be monkey sphere’s at all. They will be pulled so thin that we start to lose people off the edges. Then since the whole thing is spread so thin it is only a matter of time until even those at the center of it our lost in passing. All because there was no actual interaction between these people to tie them tighter together. Leaving us as only isolated and lonely individuals. Broken entities wondering lost in a world of blank, empty faces. We can’t allow this to happen. We have to take these technological advances as what they are, secondary ways of communications. If we allow them to replace face-to-face discussion then we are destined to lose the the greats part of the human condition. Which is knowing, appreciating, and experiencing other people and their personalities. We need to resuming the bagel-and-coffee talks. The walks together to the corner bistro or down the street. We can’t lose the desire to be in the presence of other people. Or Lazy Bean Cafes everywhere will continue to close. Public social networks will become a thing of yesteryear and we will lose ourselves in a sea of people pretending to be what they are not. And, ultimately, we will lose ourselves along the way. How to cite The Death of Human Interaction: A Pitfall of the Social Network, Essay examples

Master of Sciences in Public Health

Question: Discuss about theMaster of Sciences in Public Health. Answer: Introduction Climate change is a crucial subject in the contemporary time affecting virtually almost all dimensions of policymaking in the world. It is a critical concern in international relations, and it greatly affects urban development planning. Climate change has seriously impacted the environment by altering the ecosystem as well as affecting the health of the people. The society tends to structure their daily activities based on current climatic conditions. The term climate change refers to the geometric distribution of weather patterns in which such variances in weather conditions are prolonged. Climate change is believed to be caused by human activities as suggested by the FCCC[1] of the United Nations. Human actions that raise the absorption rate of greenhouse gasses in air are likely to alter the energy balance of the earth causing global warming. Global warming refers to a rise in the atmospheric temperatures typically attributed to increased levels of greenhouse gasses. According to Greg and Bourne, (n.d.), the atmospheric temperatures have increased by up to 0.76c within the past hundred years, and much of this effect has been experienced over the previous 20 years. For instance, in 2003, hundreds of people were killed as a result of water warming up extremely such that they were too hot for the people to obtain sufficient oxygen from the water. A WWF report also indicates that temperatures in Europe over the summer period have risen to 2c within the past 30 years. Causes and Mechanisms of Climate Change Climate change is induced by a range of activities ranging from natural activities such as galactic forcing processes to human reasons like the use of carbon emitting energy. The following are the common causes and mechanisms of climatic variations: Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is defined as a process where heat is trapped near the earth surface due to an increase in the intensity of greenhouse gasses. Gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor among others comprise what is referred to as greenhouse gasses. These gasses form a layer above the atmosphere that acts as a blanket, absorbing and reducing the rate at which heat is lost into space thus increasing the atmospheric temperatures. Since the beginning of the industrial age at around 1750, climate change has substantially resulted from human operations that add the levels of CO2 and greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, hence, preventing radiation from the earth to space (Houghton, et al, (1995)). The major activity causing the greenhouse effect is the emissions from burning fossil fuels and biomass. Galactic Variations External climate forcing processes such as the revolving of the solar system at the focal point of the Galaxy possibly lead to climate change (Huggett, 1991). Disparities in the space between galaxies as the galactic year progresses may impact the intensity of solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth. As a result, a radiative forcing system is created which brings about climate change. Also, scientific studies reveal that changes in gravitational force influenced by the large and small Magellanic Clouds neighboring our galaxy, also have a significant effect on the climate. Most researchers assume that a galactic year is around 300 million years. Such a huge duration associated with this climate forcing mechanism, makes the experimental confirmation of this evidence extremely inaccurate. Fischer, (1984), suggests that there is a possibility that the galactic variation mechanism could have triggered the ice age super cycles in the ancient years. Variations in Reflectivity Particles and aerosols existing above the earths surface also influence the climate. Some of these aerosols come from naturally-occurring activities such as volcanic eruptions and marine plankton. For instance, Black Carbon absorbs sunlight as well as the infrared radiation coming from the earth. Deposits of black carbon in the form of snow or ice increase the rate at which snow absorbs sunlight and fastens its melting (Houghton, et al, (1995)). The melting of sea ice is also attributed to be a natural cause of changes in reflectivity that triggers other processes. Particles from volcanic eruptions that reach the earths upper atmosphere can reflect sufficient sunlight back to space that has a cooling effect on the surface of the earth. A single volcanic eruption does not cause a long-lasting climate change since the volcanic particles last for a shorter period in the atmosphere than greenhouse gases (Houghton, et al, (1995)). The earths reflectivity is also affected by human changes in land cover or usage. For instance, activities such as deforestation and desertification bring about climate change. Urbanization has also contributed to deforestation as well as the increase in carbon emission from cities leading to changes in the earths reflectivity (Causes of Climate Change, (n.d.)). Environmental Impacts of Climate Change Higher temperatures and fluctuating rainfall patterns lead to different environmental effects. For instance, increased evaporation bring about hurricanes, and the rising of the sea level results in flooding along the coast line. Shifts in climatic patterns are destroying the ecosystem by causing damage to habitats in the sea and also on land. The warming of the earth surface makes such habitats unsuitable for animal and aquatic life hence risking the entire ecosystem. For example, coral bleaching is an effect of climate change and it adversely affects the survival of sea creatures by disrupting their feeding patterns. Climate change can make land too hot to cultivate certain crops leading to famine in the regions affected. It could also result in drought which can significantly reduce the amount of water bodies, and those available will not be enough for irrigation. Forests are also likely to be pest-ridden due to the strong winds that help in spreading weeds and pests to new areas (Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems, (n.d.)). Also, wildfires are often experienced in forest areas due to drought that starts and aggravates the fires and makes them to burn for a lengthier period. Health Impacts of Climate Change High deaths are recorded during extremely hot summers due to heat waves. For instance, in 2003, thousands of lives were lost during the hot summer waves. Pollen grains and allergen particles suspended in the air cause lung irritations and trigger respiratory diseases such as asthma (Health Impacts of Climate Change, (n.d.)). During hot summers, it is easier for pathogens to breed in freshwater since it is warmer, making it unsuitable for human consumption as well as for the survival of animals. Elderly people are also prone to deaths resulting from cardiovascular illnesses and respiratory complications due to the exceeding high atmospheric temperatures. Medical facilities and residences are likely to be swept away by floods and hurricanes caused by climatic changes such as rising sea levels and increased evaporation of water. Such floods also contaminate the sources of fresh water, thus increasing incidences of water-borne illnesses. It also creates a breeding home for pathogenic insects such as mosquitos. Malaria is highly induced by climate and it has claimed a number of young children particularly in Africa. Destruction of crops due to the rising temperatures and changing patterns of rainfall can lead to reduced levels of food in many disadvantaged areas leading to severe health conditions such as malnutrition which claims millions of lives annually. Social Impact of Climate Change Social problems such as poverty and famine are likely effects of climate change. Floods and extreme weather conditions destroy property, homes, and crops leading to a decrease in the living standards of the communities affected (Society Impacts. (n.d.). High cases of sickness during adverse climate conditions such as exceedingly hot summers or extremely cold winters hinders individuals from going about their daily activities. Therefore, their sources of income become limited and depleted as they spend more on buying medicine and food. Death also affects the society by reducing the population and causing grieve to families that may not be able to support themselves if the breadwinner dies. Economic Impact of Climate Change Drought reduces the amounts of crop yield hence affecting the agriculture sector. It also reduces the amount of water available to support the generation of hydro-electric power. As a result, energy shortages are expected to occur which affect the levels of production in various industries. Damage to infrastructure during floods hinders the rendering of a number of services. For instance, the transport sector is affected significantly during extremely cold seasons as a result of snow that forms on the roads rendering the impassable. The tourism sector is also affected when floods occur at the coastal regions reducing the foreign exchange revenue to the countries involved (Tol, 2009). The fishing industry is also disrupted due to changes in water temperatures that damages the habitat for fish by depleting the amounts of oxygen available as well as causing coral bleaching. Indicators of Climate Change in UAE Over the past few decades, two main issues have been at the heart of UAEs government plan. The rise in energy demand and the increase in carbon dioxide emission are two burning issues that the UAE authorities are concerned about. World statistics reveal that UAE is at the top of those countries with the highest carbon dioxide emissions per head. It implies that UAE is the leading world environmental polluter and it is followed by Qatar. The increasing energy consumption requirements can be attributed to the rise of more industries as well as urbanization. More building are being established and more technology is being used in various sectors requiring the use of electric power. A significant section of the UAE is categorized as desert, more so the western sides of the nation. The features of arid and semi-arid regions characterize the overall climatic features of UAE. Research conducted on UAE regions indicates that over decade as from 1997 to 2007, energy consumption has risen by 5 5.8%. On the other hand, it is evidenced that carbon dioxide emissions have increased within an average rate of 34% over the same period. It is anticipated that as the 21st century winds up, the climate of UAE could get warmer with temperatures levels expected to increase while the rate of precipitation is anticipated to decrease significantly. Impacts of Climate Change on Different Sectors in the UAE Climate change has substantially impacted on the water zones of UAE as a consequence of the high energy consumption levels. The country spends more electric energy and there high burning of fossil fuel (Radhi, (n.d.)). Due to the greenhouse effect, desertification has occurred, depriving the country of enough water to sustain the production of power as well as to support the agriculture sectors. Drought reduces water levels in most vessels especially the ocean which provides the majority of the water used by the coastal nation. The effects of climate change on the coastal region such as flooding and melting of sea ice have been experienced also in the UAE region. Being an oceanic state bordered by an enormous body of water, it is accurate to presume that the country undergoes more impacts of rising sea levels as compared to other landlocked states. The coastal line is affected by flooding during the hot summers hence impacting on the tourism sector as much (United Arab Emirates. (n.d .)). Effects of Climate Change on Sustainable Development in UAE Sustainable development refers to when development strategies meet the contemporary needs without exhausting natural resources to enable future generations to satisfy their needs. Therefore, if a country depends more on the use of non-renewable sources of energy such as oil, the economy will worsen over time with decreased supply of such resources. Therefore, it is essential that the economy uses more of renewable sources of energy such as solar power or natural gas to stabilize the economy so that it remains strong during periods of high energy prices or energy shortages. The UAE has established strategies as to improving sustainability which include replacing of fossil fuels with their non-fossil counterparts as well as putting appropriate measures in place to safeguard the depleted resources. For instance, UAE is planning to establish a solar power plant costing an estimated $350 million. In addition, the state also intends to develop a hydrogen-operated power plant. Masdar City i s an example of UAEs efforts to construct low carbon emitting structures and the utilization of renewable sources of energy (Radhi, (n.d.)). It is evident that such programs can play a major role in sustainable development in the environmental and technological areas, as well as boosting the economic sector. Conclusion Climate change is caused majorly by human-induced factors in the current days such as the increased use of non-renewable sources of energy that contribute to CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Consequently, the greenhouse effect contributes to global warming which has many detrimental impact on the earth we are living in. Before the beginning of industrialization, climate change was caused by natural factors such as the positioning of the earth along its axis which caused variations in the amount of sunlight reaching the earth service. The planets position within the galaxy also contributed to galactic variations causing climate change. Earths natural reflectivity has been reduced significantly by human activities such as poor land use and urbanization processes resulting in desertification of some regions and deforestation. The variations in climatic patterns has impacted the environment through floods, strong heat waves, and hurricanes. Poverty and hunger have also resulted as a conse quence of climate change. A sharp increase in respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems has also resulted from climate change. The energy sector has been affected with more individuals using air conditioning systems during hot seasons leading to increased shortages. The transport and infrastructure sector has also been impacted severely by climatic variation. UAE is among the top carbon emitters and as a result, most parts of the country have turned into deserts. However, the economy has established sustainable projects to help protect the environment, as well as upgrade their economic and technological sectors. Recommendations The use of renewable energy such as solar power can greatly help conserve our environment against the effects of variation in climatic conditions. Carbon emissions can also be lowered by using alternative sources of power such as hydrogen to run machines as well as planting trees around offices and homes to help create a shade instead of using air conditioning systems. The building industry should use resources that help in the circulation of heat to help reduce the energy consumption in buildings. Planting of crops during the normal climatic conditions and planting drought-resistant crops can also assist in tackling the problem of hunger. Proper use of land and urban planning can also reduce human-induced climate change. Establishing energy regulations such as the carbon emission taxation policy can help reduce global warming by forcing countries to deviate from using fossil fuels. References Causes of Climate Change. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/science/causes.html Climate change consequences. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/change/consequences/index_en.htm Fischer, A.G., (1984). The two Phanerozoic supercycles. In: Catastrophes and Earth History: the new uniformitarianism, Berggren, W.A. Van Couvering, J.A. (eds.). Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, pp. 129-150. Greg, Bourne, K. (n.d.). Impacts of global warming and climate change. Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://www.wwf.org.au/our_work/people_and_the_environment/global_warming_and_climate_change/impacts/ Health Impacts of Climate Change. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/geh/climatechange/health_impacts/index.cfm Houghton, J.T., Filho, M.L.G, Callander B.A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A., Maskell, K., (1995). Climate Change; The Science of Climate Change: Contribution of Working Group I to the second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Huggett, R.J., (1991). Climate, Earth Processes and Earth History. Springer-verlag. 281pp Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange//students/impacts/effects/ecosystems.html Radhi, H., (n.d.). The Effect of Global Warming and The UAE Built Environment: Faculty of Engineering. UAE. Society Impacts. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts/society.html Tol, R. (2015, September 17). Economic impacts of climate change: New evidence | VOX, CEPR's Policy Portal. Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://voxeu.org/article/economic-impacts-climate-change-new-evidence Tol, S.J.R, (2009). The Economic Effects of Climate Change: Journal of Economic Perspectives. (23) 2. Pg. 29-51. United Arab Emirates. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/legislation/countries/united-arab-emirates/

Archimedes Essays (446 words) - Ancient Greek Mathematicians

Archimedes Archimedes was born in 287 BC in Syracuse, a Greek seaport colony in Sicily. Archimedes' father was Phidias. He was an astronomer; this is all we know about his father and we learn this from Archimedes' work, The Sandreckoner. Archimedes was educated in Alexandria, Egypt. Archimedes' friend, Heracleides, wrote a biography about him, but this work was lost. Some authors report that he visited Egypt and there invented a tool known as Archimedes' screw. This is a pump, still used today in parts of the world. It is likely that, when he was a young man, Archimedes studied with the followers of Euclid. Many of his ideas seem to correspond with the mathematics developed there. This speculation is much more certain because he sent his results to Alexandria with personal messages. He considered Conon of Samos, one of the greatest achieving mathematicians at Alexandria, both for his abilities as a mathematician and he also respected him as a close friend. Archimedes spent most of his life in Sicily, near Syracuse except for his journeys to Alexandria. He never held any public office but he was faithful to his lifetime of research and experiment. At times, Archimedes became so immersed in his work that he would forget to eat. He used every surface available to do his work on, including oil on his skin to ashes from a fire. Many of Archimedes' discoveries were put to the test during the Roman conquest of Sicily. His mechanical tools and machines were used, including the legendary catapult which he is credited for making. This was all for the protection of Syracuse. Despite the use of Archimedes' inventions, Syracuse was captured during the Second Punic war. A Roman soldier who found him drawing a mathematical diagram in the sand killed Archimedes. It is said that Archimedes was so preoccupied in his calculation that he simply said to the intruder, Do not disturb my diagrams. Aside from the fame Archimedes earned from his work on the Archimedes' screw, he was also famous for his relationship with the king, Hiero. Hiero often had complicated problems to solve, and Archimedes solved them causing surprise among the town. The king often challenged Archimedes. One of Archimedes' quotes is ?Give me a place to stand and I will move the Earth.? The king took him up on this challenge and invited him to move a ship that even all the men in Syracuse. With his knowledge of levers and pulleys, Archimedes was able to create a machine that could move the ship. Archimedes was far beyond his time. With his discoveries in mathematics, he was able to predict and imitate much of modern science. Bibliography n/a Mathematics

Impacts Of Tourism In Port Antonio Tourism Essays

Impacts Of Tourism In Port Antonio Tourism Essays Impacts Of Tourism In Port Antonio Tourism Essay Impacts Of Tourism In Port Antonio Tourism Essay This paper seeks to place and discourse the development of the touristry industry in Port Antonio, Jamaica. Information was gathered utilizing assorted beginnings. A visit was made to Port Antonio in order to better understand how touristry was practiced in this resort country, both occupants and visitants were interviewed to acquire a feel of what was traveling on in that country and cyberspace beginnings were besides used. Tourism is the travel for recreational, leisure or concern intents. ( answers.com ) , it is the operation of holidaies and visits to topographic points of involvement. The touristry industry consists of concern facets such as adjustments, transit and installations for dining, shopping and amusement to provide to a travelers experience. ( Pileus Project ) History of Tourism in Port Antonio In 1723, Portland was officially known and recognized as parish which was named after a former Governor of Jamaica. The bing port was to be called Port Antonio and was slated to go a naval fastness. In 1729, the British built Fort George on a peninsula disjoining the twin West and east seaports known as the Ticthfield headland. The garrison was developed intended to protect in Landers from onslaughts from the Spaniards and the Maroons. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) The Maroons signed a peace pact with the British in 1739 which led to a new epoch in the development of Portland. The parish so became populated with colonists therefore the cultivation of sugar begun. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) With the development of the banana industry, Portland s lucks improved in the late nineteenth century. The type of dirt provided in Portland and add-on to its heavy rainfall suited the cultivation of banana that provided any societal category husbandman to do of net income of this industry. Banana is a type or harvest that grows quickly and can be reaped in one twelvemonth clip. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) Lorenzo Dow Baker is the adult male who was single-handedly responsible for the exportation of banana in the 1870s. During this period Jamaica s production of sugar was diminishing and in the wink of an oculus, their protected market was finished. Therefore a new harvest for export was needed and that was where Baker came in to play. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) In 1688, a well-known phytologist by the name of Sir Hans Sloane, laminitis of the British Museum jotted the being of bananas in Jamaica. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) Baker inspired Jamaicans to cultivate banana with the challenge, the first adult male who has ten acre of bananas will be rich! His bananas were so sold for about US $ 3 each in Boston. In 1879 Lorenzo Baker became the advocator for a new transportation company that allowed him to increase his transit of bananas. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) Lorenzo Baker began utilizing his steam engines to transport tourers and bananas which was the lone mean of going to and from Jamaica to other states in those times. As visits to Jamaica increased, in the 1900s Mr. Baker created the amazing Titchfield Hotel located on Titchfield Hill that rapidly became popularized with tourer therefore doing Portland to go the topographic point where Tourism foremost started in Jamaica. The hotel became recognized for its afternoon tea on the plaza and cleaning in bath houses. The hotel was one time claimed to be owned by Errol Flynn, a celebrated daredevil. Errol had died before farther developing the attractive force. The hotel was destroyed by a fire in the sixtiess so presently, merely the remains of this historic landmark still stands. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) In 1903, Portland experienced a black hurricane that demolished Fieldss of banana.In 1929, Farmers of Banana assembled and formed the Jamaica Banana Producers Association. Members of this association operated as one to procure their independency, place and controk in the Trade from other immense rivals. With aid from the authorities, few old ages along, the Jamaica Producers Association was managing an abundant part of the trade and by runing their ain transportation company. In 1936 the Association became a privatized but is still operated by banana husbandmans. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) The banana industry drastically increased with three hundred and 55 1000 metric tons of export in 1936 but few old ages down the line it died. Currently, the Jamaica Producers Group of Companies with the aid of All Island Banana Growers Association continues to provide to the involvements of the island s husbandmans of bananas. ( Pieces of the yesteryear, 2002 ) Types of Tourism practiced in Port Antonio Impacts of Tourism in Port Antonio Environmental Impact Tourism has frequently flourished in this parish. Because of its natural attractive forces, any enlargement into this sensitive country might damage the environment. Port Antonio is extremely dependent on its natural resources from which it generates its income. In this parish s present province, the landforms and H2O organic structures caters to the home grounds for many workss and animate beings ; nevertheless there is demand to develop proper resource direction systems relevant to the inflow of tourer. When it rains it gives exuberant flora but besides leads to drainage jobs to tourist countries. ( Mcintosh ) Port Antonio offers an enrapturing holiday experience even though it s still in demand of proper substructure. Hurricane Sandy has cause terrible harm to the environment in Portland but with aid from the authorities Port Antonio has managed to acquire back on its pess. Other environmental impacts include: pollution, torment to visitants, air and noise pollution and deforestation. Social Impact The civilization and the local population s values are respected every bit good as the community s individuality. There are several historical memorials there which they are seeking to continue. One of the more of import societal facet is the betterment in the services and installations, bays, Parkss, conveyance, etc. On the negative side, the occupants have become retainers of the tourer and this has created bitterness towards the visitants and appears countries of societal tenseness. Because touristry involves going from one finish to another, tourers will come across run intoing new persons of different civilizations and as a consequence, cultural contentions may sometime occur between individuals of different faith, cultural group or more. More so, the attitude towards tourers by local abode may fluctuate. Residents may get down of welcoming to the visitants but so develop certain bitterness towards them. ( Coast learn ) Economic This speaks to factors such as employment, income, involvement rate, productiveness and wealth. Current development in the travel and touristry trade reinforces trends towards a more inexpensive and flexible employment conditions. Children are sometimes recruited for such occupations, because they are inexpensive and flexible employees ( Coast learn ) All affecting member ( the citizens, the touristry industry and the visitants ) have invested involvement in the direction of the environmental resource base and a responsibility to make their portion to back up this direction. If the environment is degraded all parties stand to lose visitants will neglect to come ( or will be willing to pay less ) and the states will lose an of import beginning of economic benefit. In other words the environment will bring forth decreased economic, ecological, and agreeableness benefits. ( Edwards, 2009 ) Role of touristry centres A touristry information Centre is an organisational construction where workers assist tourers, locally and internationally with the engagements of adjustments, rubber-necking and transit services. ( Hayward, Marvell, Reynolds, A ; Stewart, 2005 ) The Jamaica Tourist Board, established in 1955 has on three subdivisions located across the island ( Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios ) . The function of the Jamaica Tourist Board is to market and endorse Jamaica as a finish. ( Jamaica Tourist Board ) Presently there are no touristry boards or centres located in Port Antonio harmonizing to a representative working at the Jamaica Tourist Board Information Centre, but I do believe there is a demand for one in that peculiar locality and every parish to be exact being as how they operate as a usher for serving tourers who may desire to research the country. Tourists are traveling to necessitate information of attractive forces that suit their involvement to see and how to acquire at that place. Therefore, the development of one would be most convenient for them. Manners of transits Port Antonio is accessible by land, air and sea but the most favourable manner is by land. There s a transit centre that extends along the waterfront where coachs and taxis leave on a regular basis, transportations from the airdrome to this country is offered by JUTA. Ken Jones Aerodrome ( 913-3173 ) located 9km West of Port Antonio, no longer having flights from Air Jamaica Express at last visit. These yearss the lone entrance flights are private planes and hired flights of International Airlink and TimAir. Most upscale hotels offer free transportations to and from the Ken Jones Aerodrome for invitees. ( Alone planet ) The Errol Flynn Marina, accessible by sea, offers imposts clearance for private vass ( Lonely planet ) . This marina is besides being used by the seashore guards of a nearby constabulary station. Support Services in Port Antonio Tourism is a really of import portion of Jamaica s economic system. Peoples from all over the universe travel to Jamaica for vacation annually to see the island s pleasant clime, twelvemonth unit of ammunition sunlight, the lovely white sand beaches and beautiful landscapes. Port Antonio is a major resort country in the state of Jamaica. Many might non cognize that touristry was chiefly started in this country and is still a chief resort where tourer from all over the Earth wants to see. Port Antonio, which is the capital of Portland, has all the necessary support services to ease touristry. The country has many attractive forces, equal transit for tourer travel and many eating houses that tourer would wish to banquet at. The country besides provides keen adjustment for tourer stay. One of the hotels located in Port Antonio is the Goblin Hill Villas. This resort is a really fantastic and pleasant topographic point for tourer. Many tourers, when sing Jamaica and desire to remain in Port Antonio, make reserves to remain at the Goblin Hill Villas. The resort offers many installations to act upon tourer stay. One of these installations includes: a white sand beach protected by a coral reef, perfect for snorkeling. It was said by a visitant to the hotel, on t rip adviser, that beautiful belongings, full of character . Most tourist visit Jamaica to see the fantastic attractive forces, do Jamaican activities or merely to populate the Jamaican life style that they hear about. In Port Antonio there are many attractive forces and activities that tourer would love to see for themselves. Most tourers, when sing this resort country in Jamaica, make it a responsibility to hold the experience of rafting the Rio Grande River. Rafting on the Rio Grande River was purportedly started by the legendary Hollywood star, Errol Flynn, to entertain his invitee. Rafting on the Rio Grande is safe, and is done by a skilled, accredited raft captain. While tourers are on their rafting escapade on the Rio Grande River, they will go through through lover s lane ; this is besides a tourer favourite. Rio Grande rafting provides some of the most beautiful positions in Jamaica and on your 3 hr, 6 mile escapade ; you will certainly hold on cognition of the fantastic island of Jamaica. Another favourite attractive force of tourer who visits the Port Antonio resort country is the Boston bay beach. Boston bay beach is celebrated throughout Jamaica and even the universe, but non for its white pearly sand, nor for its clear and beautiful H2O, but chiefly for the nutrient. Boston bay is said to be the topographic point where dork nutrient was originated from. When tourer are in the resort country of Port Antonio and are hungry for some tasty dork nutrient, this would be the topographic point they instead to travel. Boston bay hosts the Portland dork festival one time a twelvemonth. Boston bay beach is besides said to be a good known breaker topographic point, possibly even be the best in Jamaica. The bluish laguna is the following major attractive force in the resort country of Port Antonio. The bluish laguna is a natural laguna, located seven stat mis east of Port Antonio. The laguna was thought of to be bottomless, but frogmans have discovered that it is 180 pess in deepness. Tourist from all over will seek to see the bluish laguna to see the beauty of the laguna or merely to take a swim in it. The most attractive characteristic of the laguna is its cryptic bluish coloring material, which changes throughout the twenty-four hours, depending on where the Sun is. If you spend a twenty-four hours on the bluish laguna, you will see a color alteration of turquoise to sapphire. The Blue hole was the original name of the site, but because of the cinematography of the move Blue Lagoon, the name was so changed. The bluish laguna has attracted many tourers from all over the universe sing Jamaica. No affair which resort country tourer corsets, they tend to desire to do a trip to the Bl ue Lagoon. Great huts in another delighting hotel in the resort country of Port Antonio. It is located in Boston bay, near to the Boston bay beach. Great huts Villa is really different from most hotels. Alternatively of the normal modern, mundane hotel suites, great hut gives to the tourers huts that are really comfy and looks really antique. There are now windows in the suites at Great huts, the suites are merely unfastened to nature. Staying at Great huts Villa, you will besides acquire a beautiful position of the ocean, merely outside your window is the Boston bay beach. Great huts Villa provide installations such as a swimming pool, a library and wash installations etc. comfortss include: in-room massage, housework, arrange of nuptials services, providing etc. Great huts Villa is the right topographic point for you, if you want something different and off from the normal tourer finishs. Port Antonio provides equal transit services to ease touristry in the country. One such agencies of transit is auto leases. Most travellers will lease a vehicle before they arrive in Port Antonio, to do their travel easier and more comfy. It is easier to acquire through Port Antonio than other resort countries such as Montego Bay and Ocho Rios. Another agency of transit that is carried out in Port Antonio is the cab services. Not as many taxis are in Port Antonio as the other resort countries, but this is still the most popular manner of transit for visitants. Cab rates in this resort country are done by auto, non by rider. Menus would be every bit low as US $ 5-7 for 10 stat mis, so a tourer must hold to a set monetary value by the cab driver, before vehicle moves off to the needed finish. Bus service is another popular agencies of transit that is provided in Port Antonio. This means of transit can be palling, slow and crowded. Majority of the coachs does nt incorporate air conditioning and this could be a negative stimulation for tourer who chose this agencies of travel. Bus menu is about US $ 1 for 30-40 stat mis. This means of transit is chiefly used by tourer to research and acquire familiar with the country and its attractive forces. Guided canopy Tourss will be provided for travelers of all ages and fittingness degrees. The Tourss will transport visitants to historic locations in the locality such as Mooretown, working banana plantations and local waterfalls. There are many eating houses in the resort country of Port Antonio that tourer like to travel, but harmonizing to trip adviser, a topographic point called Bush Bar is the figure one eating house, ranked by tourers. The Bush Bar eating house is located at the Geejam hotel. They serve an mixture of Continental and Jamaican culinary arts. The eating house besides has a beautiful position of the ocean in Port Antonio. Another celebrated eating house in the country is the Juicy Beef Patties. Tourists love to eat cakes and the Juicy Beef Patty eating house would be the perfect eating house for patty lovers on holiday in the resort country of Port Antonio. The Juicy Beef Patty eating house is ranked figure three on trip adviser for eating houses in the resort country of Port Antonio. Selling of Port Antonio Port Antonio is marketed through a well-known traveling web site created by the Jamaica Tourist Board where they promote the country through excessive exposure and picture. They provide possible travellers with entree to brief descriptions of the locality every bit good as a list of assorted merchandises and services available within the country such attractive forces, adjustments, eating houses, activities and events to capture the tourer s involvement. ( JTB Information Portal ) Decision Based on what we have seen, heard and read we can safely state that Port Antonio is one of the best resort country in Jamaica. It is all reserved, natural and rich in history. The lone thing left for possible tourers to make is to travel and see it for themselves.

Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Decisions - Essay Example This also takes into consideration the fact that decision-making is impossible to be the same in every organisation of a country, in spite of similar culture. But on the whole, it would be more or less identical and definitely, it would be totally different from organisations of another culture. Various cultures have different ways of approaching a problem and solving it. It could a participatory method or the time-honoured authoritative approach, or the decision-making might involve a group, or the topmost manager could take the total responsibility of it on his shoulders. Country related cultural factors like high or low masculinity, weak and strong uncertainty avoidance, and different ways of assessing the problem can all affect the process of decision making. Even if the outcome could be poles apart, the steps of decision making are more or less the same: identifying the problem, criteria, and allocation of weights to criteria and the final decision. If problems are framed to two people, it would definitely result in at least slightly different solutions and it is not surprising that two countries with diverse backgrounds, race and culture should have organisations that would take unidentical decisions in solving a management problem3. Defining the problem itself could be from absolutely dissimilar angles. From the decision-making point of view, a wrong diagnosis of the problem could definitely lead into wrong decision-making. Sometimes managers act without complete knowledge of the problem in haste4. Identifying the relevant criteria is the next step of decision-making. Judging the weight of the criteria, so that the decision could be taken accordingly is another step. Before making a decision, it is absolutely necessary to look at the alternatives and apply them to the criteria and assess and decide on the best-suited alternative under the circumstances. If alternatives are not considered, there is always a mischance of leavin g aside a better option. Rating each alternative against each criterion is the best way of taking a decision. Only after that, a decision could be arrived at and before the final decision, its credibility, far reaching affect and its suitability should be assessed. US AND JAPAN These two countries are absolutely different from one another in race, culture and outlook. Japanese had enormous success in industrial and technological field and since then they are pitted against United States in decision making. There is a crucial point that US has a top-down decision making process, where decisions come down from the top level and the rest are expected to follow it verbatim. But Japanese still believe in conventional society, and here the decisions are made at the operating level, 'a sort of bottom-up process' and such decisions are supported and approved by the organisation at all levels. There had been speculations in both countries about the success of the other's economy and researches have gone into the decision-maki

Competition law and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Research Paper

Competition law and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the Clayton Act is an amendment to the Sherman Act used for placing restrictions on business mergers. The bill also puts restrictions on the acquisition of other companies that could in turn lead to monopolies or unfair commercial practices. The agency in charge of seeking out free and fair competition is the federal trade commission (Alexander, 2009). The department of justice carries out all investigations on matters concerning the competition also, and the law gives it the authority to call and gather a grand jury to indict a suspect. There are civil and criminal charges in place for any part found guilty of acting against the antitrust laws in the state. Civil consequences of the statues include among others injunctions, divestiture or even cancelation of contracts. The laws have the responsibility of ensuring that there exists a level playing ground for all parties involved. It also serves the function of protection of smaller firms from large enterprises that intend to run them out of business. Lastly the laws protect the final consumer by considering market condition so that they do not suffer high prices for commodities in the market (Mazzolini, 1980). State-owned businesses or the government-owned corporations are legal organizations that carry out commercial activities on behalf of the government. State-owned enterprises are common to natural monopolies and infrastructure. They have the task of providing services and products that are otherwise said to be expensive, and the private sector cannot offer them to the public. They provide goods and services such as railways and telecommunications, mail services and weapons for defense, energy and electricity, politically sensitive businesses, broadcasting, education and healthcare (Drew, 2006). State-owned enterprises have the responsibility of promoting the interests of the public, unlike other organizations whose objects are profit maximization (Thomas, 2005). They

Process Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Process Analysis - Essay Example Having checked my latest liquidity statements shows me that I have a little over $14000 combined liquidity in terms of savings, investments, and available credit from my credit cards. This means that in order to go broke by the Christmas season, I would have to spend at least $5000 a month in order to stay in schedule. That wont be hard to do. What with Thanks giving, Halloween, and the Christmas holidays coming up. This ought to be a piece of cake. Thank heavens my parents live in New York. That should speed things up for me. Now, on to the first order of business. First, I have to go online and find the most expensive airline ticket available for my flight home to visit my parents for the Thanksgiving holidays. Economy and business class wont cut it this time. I simply must fly First Class on the way home. Ah, there it is, and it flies non-stop too. That just doubled the ticket price. Charge it! Now, to get myself a seriously decent place to stay in while I am there. Although my parents have never bothered to redecorate my room since I moved out when I left for college, my Justin Timberlake posters still hang in my room. Much as I would love to revisit my wacky teenage, hormonal years, drooling over JT will have to wait. I am on a mission right now. Im still sitting in front of the computer looking for the best deals on hotels in New York. It costs how much to stay at a suite at the Trump Plaza? A 3 day stay ought to wipe out at least half of my savings and credit line. Just a little more to spend now. Clothes, I definitely cant take this trip home without any clothes. But having to check in things and go through security inspection at the airport is such a bane. Not to mention how I am the worst suitcase packer in the world. Looks like Ill be purchasing my clothes when I get back to New York. Now, if I were to spend $2000 on clothes purchases for a 3 day stay.... That looks just about right. Traveling around New York during the holiday season

Child rights based juvenile justice system in Bangladesh

Child rights based juvenile justice system in Bangladesh Juvenile delinquency is a burning issue and relatively a new phenomenon in the criminal and human rights jurisprudence. The juvenile of the world are innocent, vulnerable, and curious, full of hope, and belongs to thrill, aspirations, ambition and what not. In face the future of the juvenile should be shared and cared in the light of equality, dignity and social justice with a view to protecting and promoting the best interest of the child in general. The situation of juvenile delinquency in Bangladesh is very critical in nature. The Convention on the Rights of the Child and other relevant international standards for dealing with juvenile offenders provides a rough but broadly adequate framework for any national system. However, Bangladesh is lagging behind in implementing international juvenile justice standards and the domestic legal initiatives for the protection of juvenile offenders are not adequate somehow and to some extent, these are not consistent with the spirit of the Conv ention of the Rights of Child. Next to non-implementation of laws, the mindset and approach of the people to child offenders are crucial factors that require attention. This essay at the outset, considers the implications of genuine protection of the rights of juvenile offenders. It also discusses some dilemmas for national legislation and the impact of the relevant international instruments on such legislation. Finally the present study has been carried to find out how a child rights-based approach can advance to provide true dignity and justice for child offenders in Bangladesh. Historical background of juvenile delinquency: Delinquency was available throughout all the time. In ancient Britain, even seven years old boys were tried, convicted and punished as adults. There was no special treatment for them, a hanging was a hanging. In Norway, for example, a thirteen century penal code specifies that adult might lose both hands if stealing, children only one (The Council of Europe,2004:13). However, United States of America is one of the pioneer countries on juvenile justice. Social reformers started to create special facilities for troubled juveniles in the late nineteenth century. Though Illinois introduced a separate system of criminal justice in 1899, much had changed by 1909 when Judge Julian Mack famously proposed in a Harvard Law Review article that a juvenile offender should be treated as a wise and merciful father handles his own child (Scott and Laurence, 2008:16). Yet the provision of special court and treatment was soon replicated throughout the country and spread aboard in Britain(1908), France (1912), Spain(1918), The Netherlands(1921)(The Innocenti Digest, 1997:10) Today most of the states of the United Nations have a separate court system for the children accused of an offence. They have the right to treatment that takes full account of their age, circumstance and their needs. The courts generally handle two types of juvenile offender: The delinquent child who has committed an act that is a crime for adult under state law. On the other hand, status offenders are considered unruly and uncontrolled beyond their legal guardian (Siegel and Welsh, 2008). A multitude factors exist that contribute to the understanding of what leads to engage in delinquent behavior. It is also true certainly social factors like poverty, illiteracy, broken homes; lack of employment, peer pressure, lack of parental guidance can be the best root causes to explain juvenile delinquency in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh no separate juvenile justice law exists. The 1974 Children Act is the main law concerning children in Bangladesh, but it deals both with children in need of protection/care as well as children in conflict with the law on one hand, other laws, such as the Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Suppression of Violence against Women and Children Act, on the other hand, also contain provisions regarding children in conflict with the law (UNICEF, n.d.).At present, there are three specialized juvenile courts established in the country and three specialized institutions for the detention of child offenders, which have been renamed as the Child Development Centers among them, two centers for boys are located in Tongi and Jessore and the girls centre is in Konabari (ibid) Definition of a juvenile in Bangladesh: contradictions and dilemmas The definition of child is not uniform in the laws of Bangladesh. Different laws have defined children in different ways. According to the section 2(f) of the Children Act 1974 defines a child as a person under the age of sixteen for the purpose of juvenile justice system administration. Nonetheless, UN Convention on the Rights of Children defines as any person under the age of 18 years. In addition the Bengal Vagrancy Act in section 1(3) explains a child as a person less than 14 years. According to the Women and Children Repression Prevention (Special Provisions) Act, 2000 amended in 2003 furthermore, defines a child as a person under the age of 16 years It is indeed to say that as far as proper functioning of the juvenile justice system is concerned the determination of age is extremely important. However in regard to criminal offence committed by a child, the laws in Bangladesh are to some extent ambiguous. To determine the age of criminal responsibility section 82 of the Penal Code 1860 says that nothing would be an offence, which is done by a child under nine. Surprisingly in the same statute section 83 provides, nothing is an offence which is done by a child above seven years of age and under twelve who has attained sufficient maturity to understand the nature and consequence of the act'(Ministry of Law and Parliamentary Affairs, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh 1860). So it is one of the difficulties of criminal justice policy to provide the legal mechanism to reflect the transition from the age of childhood innocence and through the maturity and the full responsibility under the criminal law. The article 40 CRC asks the states to establish a minimum age below which children shall be presumed not to have the capacity to infringe the penal law (Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989). The treaty does not spell out at which precise age the line should be drawn though committee monitoring the implementation of the Convention has expressed the concern about the low age in several countries (Hammarberg 2008:194). Rule 4.1 of the Beijing Rules provides, in those legal systems recognizing the concept of the age of criminal responsibility for juveniles, the beginning of that age shall not be fixed at too low an age level, bearing in mind the facts of emotional, mental and intellectual maturity (United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, 1985). These international standards unfortunately are not followed in the courts of Bangladesh as there is no uniformity in the definition of a child. In concern with this the Committee on the Rights of the Child in its concluding observations of 2003 expressed over the limited progress achieved in establishing a functioning juvenile justice system throughout the country(UNICEF, n.d.). International legal framework for a child rights oriented juvenile justice: The major international conventions dealing with juvenile justice secures the protection of a child in conflict with law and urges for special action in accordance with the nature and circumstance of the offence. Juvenile justice has become an international issue with the UNCRC coming into force in 1990. Articles 37 clearly states, No child shall be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentEvery child deprived of liberty shall be treated with humanity and respect for the inherent dignity of the human person, and in a manner which takes into account the needs of persons of his or her age (Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989). In addition, article 40 connotes, States Parties recognize the right of every child accused of infringing the penal law shall be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the childs sense of dignity and worth, which takes into account the childs age and the desirability of promoting the childs reintegration in society (ibid). These special provisions also focus on several rights like, right to be informed, rights to a fair trial, right to legal assistance and so forth. This convention is binding legally on Banglad esh and operates as hard international law. Apart from CRC, there are three other important UN sponsored documents dealing explicitly with the standards and guidelines for the treatment of children coming with the conflict of law. The Beijing Rules conveys the basic procedural safeguards for a juvenile offender, such as the presumption of innocence, the right to be notified of the charges, the right to remain silent, the right to counsel, the right to the presence of a parent or guardian, the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses and the right to appeal to a higher authority (United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, 1985). Riyadh Guidelines moreover, call for a child centered orientation and child development perspective to prevent delinquency that directly refers to adoption of the preventive policies facilitating the successful socialization and integration of all children and young persons, in particular through the family, the community, peer groups, schools, vocational trai ning and the world of work as well as through voluntary organizations (Krech,1998), whereas the other charter urges for a juvenile justice system that should uphold the rights and safety and promote the physical and mental well-being of juveniles (UN Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Liberty, 1990). Besides, there are additional documents which are often referred to in any discussion on Juvenile Justice, for instance, Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners of 1955, UN standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures of 1999 etc. It is important to note that Bangladesh is not a signatory party of these international instruments for juvenile justice, but it is morally bound with the provision of these guidelines and directions for the betterment of the juvenile. . Human rights violation of the juveniles in conflict with law in Bangladesh: In Bangladesh, according to the Children Act 1974 and also the Code of Criminal Procedure, children can only tried by juvenile court and no trial can be held with the adults. The trial shall be held in camera i.e. only people directly involved in the case and officer of the courts can be present during the trial. Even the report of the probation officer or any other report considered by the court shall be treated as confidential and publication of report of the proceedings, photograph of the child leading directly and indirectly the identity of such child is prohibited. But these provisions have been rarely followed in trying a juvenile delinquent. The juvenile justice system in the country remains in a chaotic situation as there are dozens of judgments convicting the youth offenders under the Children Act 1974, although there cannot be any punishment to children under 16(The Daily Star,2007) If it appears to the court the accused is a child, the court shall make an inquiry to determine the age of the child. In the absence of birth registration practice, the judicial officers have to depend on mere speculation or, medical certificates of the child. Section 48 states that if a child arrested is under 16 years old, the police officer may release him on bail (The Children Act 1974). But the reality tells something else. A study by Odhikar it was found that in 2001 in Dhaka Central Jail 7% of the children arrested with adults on suspicion under section 54 of the Code of the Criminal procedure 1898 had been in custody for more than 2 years (Chowdhury, 2006). In 2002, a 14year old boy was released from prison in December after two and half year in custody. The child was arrested in a blanket sweep against criminals and never charged with any offence (US Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2004).In July, 2005 the Dhaka Metropolitan Magistrate Court released a nine year s old boy from criminal case after investigators from a local human rights organization noticed him during a regular prison visit (US Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2005). After the arrest of the child, neither the probation officers are informed by the police nor are the guardians found with the help of probation officers. For the protection of best interest no child would be tried, detained with adults and sentenced with life imprisonment. Nonetheless, the issue of joint trial of a child with an adult has been in a number of cases. For example, in Shiplu and another vs. State (1997), Shiplu a boy of 14 years old was tried with his mother for killing a woman under section 302 under the Penal Code 1860. They were convicted with the District Court and sentenced to imprisonment for life. In the appeal preferred by Shiplu, the conviction of the trial court was invoked by appellants advocate to be set aside for two reasons, Shiplu was a child at the time of the trial and the trial of him was not taken place in a juvenile court. Therefore the Appellate court accepted the disposition of the appellants lawyer and issued an order that the conviction as given b y the District court would be set aside. In reference with this, a report shows approximately 347 children were imprisoned (some with their mothers) despite laws prohibiting the imprisonment of minors (US Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2009) The governments human rights record remained poor, and the government appeared to be inactive to assist the rights of the child offender. Even other concerned authorities including the judges of the court seem to be very careless to take into account the domestic laws of Bangladesh. In 2004, a 3-year-old child, accused in an attempted murder case, surrendered before Court of Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and prayed for bail (The Daily Star,2004). A research conducted on ten child offender sentenced under the Penal code in Bangladesh shows that the youthful offenders were kept in the jail custody with the adult prisoners and most of them were detained in the District Jail not in the child development centers, even no probation officer visited them during the pendency of the legal procedures (Malik, 2007:41-42) If a child has been kept in the child development centre, he can exercise his rights to education, leisure; participate in training, cultural activities and so on, unfortunately poor administrative and logistic support lead to a hindrance to protect the best interest of the child in such centers. The probation officers dont submit the report to assess the improvement of children regularly and the inmates are not produced on the scheduled day before the court (Khan and Rahman, 2008:83-84) As Bangladesh is one of the state parties of the CRC, it is obligatory for the state to undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative, and other measures for the implementation of the rights of the children in conflict with law. The child rights oriented juvenile system does fit to a country like Bangladesh to fulfill, protect and promote the rights of the children. Though there are some challenges still remaining, I would like to argue that child rights based juvenile justice framework would be very reliable to explore youth justice in Bangladesh through transparent use of resources, CRC centered policies and the collaboration of the actors. What is a child rights based juvenile justice system: The initial idea behind a juvenile justice system is that children in trouble with the law should be helped rather than punished. Central to the concept of the juvenile court was the principle of parens patriae. This means that instead of lawyers fighting to decide guilt or innocence the court would act as parent or guardian interested in helping the child (Family law,n.d.). The child rights based juvenile justice is a holistic approach basically prioritizes the principles of non discrimination and equality (article 2, CRC), well being of the child (Article 3, CRC), and participation, voice and volunteerism (article 12, CRC). It implies the progressive realization of the rights of the juvenile offender through the separate judicial mechanism and special treatment with a view to facilitating human dignity and integrity. It hold the powerful accountable to come up with the child centered legislations and policies and allocate budget and more resources for the delinquent. The child rights based juvenile justice seeks to improve the quality, responsiveness and relevance of the institutions and services like child oriented judiciary and probation office, well equipped correctional centers etc. Besides, a child friendly juvenile justice framework intends to change awareness, attitudes, behavior, practices, norms, and values in the society by the sensitization and training of different sections. However a question can come into play whether the offender would go unpunished in this framework. The procedures under a child rights based approach may recognize the damage to the victim and it should make the juvenile offender understand that the deed was not acceptable (Hammarberg 2008:194). But the main difference with the ordinary criminal justice is that child rights juvenile system doesnt advocate for retributive procedure and encourages to establish responsibility of the actors to promote rehabilitation and re-integration (ibid). Tools of structuring rights based juvenile justice system: Child rights juvenile justice needs a wide range of tools to achieve concrete and sustainable results for children wellbeing. It works to get duty bearer to fulfill their obligation and to support children to claim their rights. The State is required to render appropriate assistance additionally to parents and legal guardians in the performance of their child-rearing responsibilities, thus ensuring that the capacity of families to act as the first line of protection of children is enhanced (Pais, 1999:13). Initiating legal reforms: Necessary amendments in regard to the national juvenile laws need to be brought into the line with the standard laid down by CRC. For instance, under the Children Act urgent reforms should be made to consider everyone below the age of eighteen years (Khan and Rahman, 2008:103). In Uganda, specialized family and children courts with informal settings and speedy trial procedure have been established for rehabilitating the children in the society (Roy and Wong, 2006:45).In Bangladesh the national legislation doesnt recognize the principle of diversion that needs to be maintained with the provision of community based rehabilitation, NGOs involvement, etc, even it does not urge for the establishment of a child ombudsman office. These legal reforms are in the core of child rights based youth justice. However, Bangladesh government started to concentrate to a new national social policy on models of care and protection for children in conflict with the law has been drafted to address both ch ildren in conflict with the law and children in children of protection (Ahmed and Islam, 2010:281). Providing adequate legal aid: Most of the children who come in conflict with law in Bangladesh come from very poor families who dont have the ability to engage counsel for their defense. Article 40, UNCRC notes that he child is entitled to have legal or other appropriate assistance in the preparation and presentation to defend him. In accordance with the convention the strategy under child rights model accounts the government to provide free legal assistance to the vulnerable children to ensure the fair and prompt trial. Child friendly Court environment: In Bangladesh, in the children development centres there are separate courts for children which are in comparison to other criminal courts more favorable for the children. But very few cases are heard there. Majority of the cases tries in the ordinary criminal court with adverse court environment and the required special procedure specified in the Children Act is not followed. The child is not heard and he is not allowed to participate in the court proceedings as well. The child rights oriented court system identifies the duty of police, judge, and public prosecutor and broadly the governments by allocating resources and providing trained actors(judges, police etc) to compose an informal court environment that secures the participation of the children and secondly promotes the establishment of laws, procedure in favor them in coordination with article 40(3), CRC. Serving facilities in the juvenile development centers: The centers in Bangladesh lack facilities for correctional activities. The curriculum for the vocational training is not up to date, the instructors are not skilled enough and the officials lack skill to deal with the children who need special care and attention. One 10year old boy was found killed in the Juvenile Development Centre with his throat slit and another one reportedly died in a clash between prisoners'(Odhikar,2008:2). In this context, the juvenile rights based youth justice demands to incorporate counseling, modern trade for the correction centres and arrangement of training for the centre employees including the probation officer. Duty of the NGOs, INGOs and Social Welfare Departments: The NGOs with shelter home can secure the protection of a child in conflict with law. They have the duty to provide free legal aid and act on behalf of a juvenile. In Vietnam Save the Children (Sweden) approached by the Ministry of Justice for technical assistance developed the capacity of staff in various relevant agencies like police, prosecutors, judge and the officials of mass organization and initiated programs to ensure familiarity with UNCRC, international standard, divergence between police policy and practice on the ground(Roy and Wong,2006:76).The new child rights concept involves a shift to justice and entitlement of the children and acknowledges immediate survival and development of them by making the duty holder accountable. So, the probation officers under the Social Welfare Department are bound to exercise their power and perform their duties properly to train the offender and rehabilitate them in society. Necessity of training and sensitization: Protection of the best interest of the child by community service: The Beijing Rules specify care, guidance, probation services, and community services as non custodial sentencing options in section 18. In accordance with the international norms, community service asks the child to provide service to the community as means of punishment or restitution and allows juveniles to remain with their families. The rights focused juvenile justice can address the community service in Bangladesh as a meaningful method in which young people can see the benefits of their works Inter-agency collaboration: Children justice plannings in Bangladesh seek the involvement of a wide range of people from various institutions, government department and the society including judiciary, police, probation officer, stakeholders, community leaders, social welfare personnel, staff of UNICEF to promote the integration of a child offender. International guidelines emphasis the importance of inter ministerial and inter departmental coordination to improve the quality of institutional treatment of the children as well (section 26, The Beijing Rule and section 60, Riyadh Guidelines) Challenges to develop a child rights based juvenile justice model in Bangladesh: To me, it is relative early stage to build up a child focused juvenile justice system successfully. Ideologically it is associated with neo-liberal agenda and in Bangladesh context; some encounters may hinder the process of the development of rights based approach to youth justice in Bangladesh. Lack of available resources: This approach binds the government with their effective efforts to promote the rights of a child offender inside and outside the court by the maximum use of resource. Establishing well functioning juvenile courts and national council for children, effective mechanism for birth registration programs and other promotional activities demand a high profile budget which may slow down the process of child development. Absence of coordination among stakeholders: In Bangladesh different stakeholders have been carrying out many activities in the area of pro child manner juvenile justice. Though the enthusiasm is high, these activities have often been proved to be sporadic in nature due to the lack of coordination among them. Deficiency in monitoring role of authorities: In the courts of Bangladesh there is no provision as well as facilities to monitor the progress of the dispositional orders. Thats why when the child is placed out at home, it becomes almost impossible to supervise his condition whether he gets involved with another offence or he is able to enjoy his rights. Lack of political will or commitment of the duty bearers with limited public accountability: I like to conclude that there is a light of hope that during the recent years government and other NGOs have been working hard to improve the human rights condition of the child offender. The juvenile correctional centres, which were, in practical terms, jails for young boys allegedly involved in criminal activities, were transformed into child development centres that tried to promote more humane approaches towards treating the children in the centres and to acknowledge their role as active citizens( Judge,2007:28).. However the government intends to consider those children who are detained in jail, not the children who have been back in their families (Khan and Rahman, 2008:103). However the rights oriented approach does not allow separation among the children and reveals to aid the best interest of child regardless of their birthplace or status Therefore I like to reckon that it is an approach that can be successfully filtered to inspire, persuade and support states in discharging their obligation to juvenile offenders rights in Bangladesh.